Electric Two-Wheeler Vehicle Integration into Rural Off-Grid Photovoltaic System in Kenya

In both rural and urban areas, two-wheeler vehicles are the most common means of transportation, contributing to local air pollution greenhouse gas emissions (GHG). Transitioning electric can help reduce GHG while also increasing socioeconomic status people in Kenya. Renewable energy systems play a significant role charging two-wheeled vehicles, resulting lower carbon increased renewable penetration As result, using Conventional Energy Optimization (CARNOT) Toolbox MATLAB/Simulink environment, this paper focuses on integrating modeling (e-bikes) into an off-grid photovoltaic Water-Energy Hub located Lake Victoria Region Western Electricity demand data obtained from was investigated analyzed. Potential solar surplus identified used incorporate vehicles. The consumption measured field based rider’s driving behavior. results revealed annual power 27,267 kWh, (PV) electricity production 37,785 deficit 370 kWh. show that PV generation exceeds consumption, implying there should be no deficit. results, however, do not represent hourly resolution, ignoring impact weather fluctuation production. order comprehend deficit, resolution shown. A load optimization method designed efficiently integrate 2-wheeler vehicle alleviate yearly decreased 1 kWh raised by 11% (i.e., 30,767 kWh), which is enough charge four more batteries daily technique.